historian, writer, teacher, nurse
default-2.jpg

The Human Subject

Humans occupy a strange place in the medical landscape as both objects—of care, but also of experimentation, and curiosity, and frustration—and agents, acting in a variety of roles (patient, researcher, doctor) and tasked with decision making in a complex technical and moral landscape. This course explores the difficult ethical, practical, and technical questions that arise at that agent/object boundary. (Penn, Spring 2019)

Topic & Text Assignments

Week 2: (Beaumont & St. Martin) Green, Alexa. "Working Ethics: William Beaumont, Alexis St. Martin, and Medical Research in Antebellum America." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 84.2 (2010): 193-216; Baker, Robert. "American Research Ethics, 1800–1946," in Before Bioethics: A History of American Medical Ethics from the Colonial Period to the Bioethics Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2013.

Week 3 (Sims): Owens, Deirdre Cooper. Medical Bondage: Race, Gender, and the Origins of American Gynecology. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2017. Chapter 1 (Tues.) and 4 (Thurs.)

Week 4 (yellow fever): Chaves-Carballo, Enrique. “Clara Maass, Yellow Fever and Human Experimentation.” Military Medicine, 178(5):557-562, 2013; “Yellow fever trial consent form for Nicanor Fernandez,” from Otis Historical Archives, National Museum of Health and Medicine, Silver Spring, MD; 

Week 5 (anesthesia & radium therapy): Chapter 5: “‘The Greatest Blessing of This Age’: Pain Relief in Obstetrics,” from Leavitt, Judith W. Brought to Bed: Childbearing in America, 1750-1950. Cary, NC, USA: Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 1988; Chapter 1: “X-ray Therapy in the Röntgen Rush, 1895-1900,” from Womack, Jeffrey, The Radiation Evangelists.

Week 6 (Tuskegee): Introduction and Chapters 5-7 of Jones, James H. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. New and Expanded Edition. New York: Free Press; Toronto: Maxwell Macmillan Canada, 1993.

Week 7 (Tuskegee 2): Chapters 2-4 of Susan Reverby. Examining Tuskegee: The Infamous Syphilis Study and Its Legacy (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2009); excerpts from Susan Reverby, ed. Tuskegee’s Truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Chapel Hill; London: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Week 8 (observational atomic weapons studies): Ch. 7, “The No-Treatment Policy,” from Lindee, M. Susan. Suffering Made Real: American Science and the Survivors At Hiroshima. Pbk. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Week 9 (Cold War gov’t radiation experiments): case studies (Ch. 5-11) from the Final Report of the Advisory Committee On Human Radiation Experiments. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Week 10 (the pill): Chapters 4 (“Human Guinea Pigs?”) & 7 (“The Pill and the Riddle of Cancer”) of Marks, Lara, Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive Pill. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.

Week 11 (women & doctors): Watkins, Elizabeth Siegel. ""Doctor, Are You Trying to Kill Me?": Ambivalence About the Patient Package Insert for Estrogen." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76 (2002): 84-104, and Beckett, K. "Choosing Cesarean: Feminism and the Politics of Childbirth in the United States." Feminist Theory 6.3 (2005): 251-75.

Week 12 (HPV controversy): Jennifer A. Reich, “Parenting and Prevention: Views of HPV Vaccines among Parents Challenging Childhood Immunizations,” from Wailoo, Keith, et al., eds. Three Shots at Prevention: The HPV Vaccine and the Politics of Medicine's Simple Solutions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

Week 13 (pharma and RCTs): “Ch. 3: The Global Clinical Trial,” from Petryna, Adriana. When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.

Week 14 (exemplary patient): “Conclusion,” from from Petryna, Adriana. When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2009.

Week 15 (Facebook): Jouhki, Jukka, Lauk, Epp, Penttinen, Maija, Sormanen, Niina, and Uskali, Turo. "Facebook’s Emotional Contagion Experiment as a Challenge to Research Ethics" Media and Communication [Online], Volume 4 Number 4 (10 October 2016)